doi:10.7916/d8-7bfe-mv72Oral history interview with Peter H.L. and Edith Chang, 1993Zhang, Xueliang, 1901-2001oral historiessound recordingssound recording - nonmusicalGenerals--ChinaMukden Incident, China, 1931China History Xi'an Incident, 1936China History Republic, 1912-1949China Foreign relationsManchuria (China) History 20th centuryZhang, Xueliang, 1901-2001Zhao, YidiZhang, Zuolin, 1875-1928Chiang, Kai-shek, 1887-1975Chiang, May-ling Soong, 1897-2003Chiang, Ching-kuo, 1910-1988The contents of the Peter Chang interview are not in chronological order, and each interview session has a repetitious mix of themes. Chang discusses his relationship with his family, especially with his father who was assassinated in 1928. He covers the history of Manchuria in the early 20th century. He analyzes his relationships with other Chinese generals in the region, and the intentions of Japan, the Western Powers, and the Soviet Union/Russia in the Northeastern part of China from 1900 to 1936. The greatest emphasis is on events of the 1920s and 1930s including the Mukden Incident in 1931. Chang also talks about his relations with other Chinese warlords, the Communist Party, Chiang Kai-shek, and the Nationalist Party before and after the Xi'an Incident in 1936. Other topics mentioned are his personal, political, philosophical, religious beliefs and education and how these were affected by his trip to Europe as a young man. The interview also covers his later years under house arrest following the Xi'an Incident and how that influenced his writings. Chang speculates on developments in Chinese history at the time of the interview. There is extensive discussion of people surrounding Chiang Kai-shek, Madame Chiang Soong Mayling, other high-ranking Chinese Nationalist officials, and the Generalissimo's son and former president of Taiwan, Chiang Ching-kuo. He discusses his family life and personal habits. He also analyzes the nature of modern Chinese studies in the United States and Columbia University in particular, with some reference to other American institutions of higher learning