Family background and childhood, New York, N.Y.; Photo League, 1938-1952: importance, activities, Sid Grossman's photography class, PHOTO NOTES, membership, appearance on subversives list, demise; photographer, World War II and postwar period: U.S. Army Signal Corps, Unitarian Service Committee; photographic studies: Pitt Street, 105th Street, South Bronx; freelance work; instructor, Brooklyn Colle ge; formation of Photographers Forum; trends in photography; creative vs. commercial photography; reminiscences of Paul Strand and other photographers