doi:10.7916/9pzt-2g82Oral history interview with Lotfi Azzouz, 2015Azzouz, Lotfioral historiesmixed materialArab Spring, 2010-Revolutions--TunisiaNon-governmental organizations--TunisiaOnline social networks--Political aspectsTunisia History Demonstrations, 2010-Tunisia Politics and government 1987-2011Tunisia Politics and government 2011-Azzouz, LotfiBin ʻAlī, Zayn al-ʻĀbidīnAmnesty InternationalLotfi Azzouz describes the non-governmental sector during the Zine El Abidine Ben Ali regime, in which six legally recognized organizations and three unrecognized organizations championed causes of human rights and civil liberties while thousands of others worked with the government. He discusses how the regime actively sabotaged the work of organizations like the Tunisian League of Human Rights (LTDH) through legal, funding, and communications obstacles and how movement of individual opposition leaders was also targeted. In this environment, coalition building and networking were essential to NGO survival. After Ben Ali was deposed, the civil society landscape altered dramatically with increased numbers of NGOs, international support and roles for youth and women. Civil society organizations participated in the drafting of the new constitution. At the time of the interview, however, there were some tensions between international and local NGOs. Azzouz describes Amnesty International's work in documenting human rights abuses during and after the revolution. He addresses challenges in securing funding streams from Amnesty's international headquarters. He speaks of Amnesty's support of online activism, which helped accelerate the revolution. Azzouz goes on to say that regional inequality and a persistent top-down approach to change remain problematic in Tunisia. He narrates Amnesty's mediating role during the national dialogue, after the assassinations of Chokri Belaid and Mohamed Brahmi. He compares NGOs' experiences liaising with the Troika government versus the technocratic government. He concludes by pointing out a false trade-off between security and human rights, to which many Tunisians subscribe