Family: political interests, unions; Girls High School; Hebrew High School; Hebrew Teachers Institute of the Jewish Theological Seminary: 1925; Hunter College: BA French and German, 1927, faculty, curriculum; Columbia University Law School: LLB 1931: discrimination, faculty; study abroad, Germany, labor; Johns Hopkins Institute of Law, research assistant; Great Depression; economy; New Deal; Farm Credit Administration, chief legal assistant; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Department of Agriculture; National Labor Relations Board, solicitor; National Labor Relations Act of 1935; Taft-Hartley Act of 1947; separation of functions; New York City Department of Labor, labor counsel 1954; New York City Board of Education; private arbitration, U.S. Steel; Railroad Labor Act; New York State Public Employment Relations Board, discrimination; pro-bono work, New York Diabetes Association, Multiple Sclerosis Society