Mechanical engineer, 1928-1939; volunteer Canadian militia, 1939-45: calibre of officer training, division of regiments with army regulars, changing social objectives and class composition of volunteers; war time duties: survey officer, 1940, role of artillery regiment in St. Lucia, England, 1941, Staff College, transatlantic convoys, 1st Canadian Corps, 1944-45, tank repair and supply lines during Italian campaign, comparisons between 1st and 8th Army generals; 1st Canadian Corps in Holland 1945